Bei vielen Frauen im reproduktiven Alter dominieren Laktobazillen. Häufig beschrieben werden Lactobacillus crispatus, L. iners, L. gasseri und L. jensenii. Die Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms ist individuell.
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Laktobazillen gehören häufig zur natürlichen Vaginalflora. Sie bilden Milchsäure und tragen zum sauren Milieu bei.
Der Körper bildet Kreatin selbst und nimmt es auch über Lebensmittel auf. Ein großer Teil befindet sich in der Muskulatur. Dort ist das Kreatin-Phosphokreatin-System an der schnellen Bereitstellung von ATP beteiligt.
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Kreatin ist ein körpereigener Stoff. Als Phosphokreatin hilft es Muskelzellen, den Energieträger ATP schnell nachzubilden.
Enzyme ermöglichen und beschleunigen biochemische Reaktionen. Coenzyme wirken dabei als kleine organische Helfermoleküle. Viele B-Vitamine sind ihre Vorstufen – beispielsweise Vitamin B2 für FAD und Vitamin B3 für NAD. Nicht jedes Vitamin ist ein Coenzym.
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Vitamine sind lebenswichtige Mikronährstoffe. Viele B-Vitamine werden zu Coenzymen, die Enzyme bei Stoffwechselreaktionen unterstützen.
Understand the essentials. Short films about the body, nutrients and the processes that connect them.
01 · Understanding your body
Understanding the vaginal microbiome.
10 seconds · English voiceover · Illustrative AI imagery
Lactobacilli dominate the vaginal microbiome of many women of reproductive age. Common species include Lactobacillus crispatus, L. iners, L. gasseri and L. jensenii. Their lactic acid contributes to an acidic environment. Microbiome composition varies between individuals.
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Lactobacilli often form part of the vaginal microbiome. They produce lactic acid. Composition varies.
10 seconds · English voiceover · Illustrative AI imagery
The body makes creatine and also obtains it from food. Much of it is stored in muscle. The creatine–phosphocreatine system helps rapidly replenish ATP, a molecule that transfers energy within cells.
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Creatine occurs naturally in the body. As phosphocreatine, it helps muscle cells rapidly regenerate ATP, their energy carrier.
10 seconds · English voiceover · Illustrative AI imagery
Enzymes enable and accelerate biochemical reactions. Coenzymes act as small organic helper molecules. Many B vitamins are their precursors – for example, vitamin B2 for FAD and vitamin B3 for NAD. Not every vitamin is a coenzyme.
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Vitamins are essential micronutrients. Many B vitamins become coenzymes, helping enzymes carry out metabolic reactions.
What is a mineral? How do fatty acids differ from plant extracts? Explore the fundamentals of ingredients through clear, concise explanations and sources for further reading.
Magnesium: a mineral, explained
Magnesium is a chemical element and an essential mineral. In food and the body, it occurs in compounds or as a charged particle. It is a major mineral: the body needs larger quantities of it than of trace elements such as zinc.
Background & context
Much of the body’s magnesium is found in bones and cells. It acts as a cofactor for many enzymes: a partner they need to work. Nuts, legumes, whole grains and leafy greens provide magnesium. In magnesium citrate or magnesium oxide, the second word describes the compound. Its total weight is different from its magnesium content.
Compare the stated magnesium amount per daily serving and consider supplements already in use. More is not automatically better: high supplemental intakes can cause diarrhoea. Magnesium can affect absorption of certain medicines, including some antibiotics; ask a clinician or pharmacist about timing.
Omega-3 is not one substance, but a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The name describes part of their chemical structure. The best-known members are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Background & context
Fatty acids are building blocks of the membranes surrounding our cells. Flaxseed oil and walnuts provide ALA; oily fish and certain algae oils provide EPA and DHA. ALA must come from food. The body can convert it into EPA and DHA, but only to a limited extent. These three names therefore do not mean the same thing.
The body converts only small amounts of ALA into EPA and DHA. For an oil supplement, individual EPA and DHA amounts are therefore more informative than total oil content alone. Findings about a fish-rich diet do not automatically apply to taking capsules.
Vitamins D and K are fat-soluble vitamins. D3 is also called cholecalciferol. K2 is a group of menaquinones; names such as MK-7 identify individual forms. Mentioning them together does not make them a single nutrient.
Background & context
Vitamin D can form in the skin under UVB light and is converted in stages within the body. Vitamin K occurs as K1 in green vegetables and as K2 in certain fermented foods, among other sources. The two vitamins have different biochemical roles.
Vitamin K can interact with vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants. Discuss supplementation with your clinician if you take these medicines.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, also called ascorbic acid. Humans cannot make it themselves and obtain it from food. Peppers, citrus fruit, kiwifruit and broccoli are dietary sources.
Background & context
In the body, vitamin C is involved in forming collagen, a structural protein in connective tissue. It also acts as an antioxidant. Long storage and heating can reduce the vitamin C content of foods.
Describing a normal bodily function does not establish whether an individual would benefit from taking an additional supplement.
Zinc is a chemical element and an essential mineral. The term trace element describes the relatively small quantities the body needs, not its importance.
Background & context
Zinc is a component or partner of many enzymes and plays a role in protein and DNA formation. Sources include meat, seafood, legumes, nuts and whole grains. Absorption also depends on the meal’s composition: plant compounds called phytates can bind zinc.
When combining supplements, total zinc intake matters. Persistently high additional intakes can interfere with copper balance.
Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin, also known as vitamin B7. It is not a protein or a material from which a hair is simply built. Its role is in the biochemical reactions of metabolism.
Background & context
Certain enzymes need biotin as a cofactor. They help process fatty acids, glucose and amino acids. Many foods contain biotin, including eggs, fish, nuts and seeds. Severe deficiency is rare.
Biotin can interfere with certain laboratory tests. Tell your healthcare team about biotin-containing supplements before a blood test.
Protein is made from linked amino acids. Essential amino acids, or EAAs, must come from food; the body can make others itself.
Background & context
Whey is a protein from milk and provides all essential amino acids. A varied combination of plant foods can also supply them. Protein powder contains protein, while an EAA product contains selected free amino acids. Their composition and serving sizes are therefore not directly interchangeable.
Protein powder and EAA powder are different product types. Consider the whole diet alongside training and individual needs. Meeting protein needs through food does not automatically require an additional supplement. Consuming more protein than needed does not automatically provide further benefit.
Ashwagandha is the common name of Withania somnifera, an evergreen shrub with a long history in Ayurvedic herbal traditions. Unlike magnesium or a vitamin, it is not a single nutrient: it contains a mixture of plant constituents.
Background & context
These include withanolides. Preparations may use roots, leaves or extracts made from them. Understanding research therefore requires knowing which plant parts and preparations were studied. Sharing a plant name does not make two preparations equivalent.
Many studies are small and use different preparations. Findings cannot simply be transferred to other extracts or products. Long-term safety remains uncertain. Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding; seek medical advice for thyroid or autoimmune conditions or medication use. Rare liver injuries have been reported.
Turmeric, botanically Curcuma longa, belongs to the ginger family. The golden spice is made from its underground stem, called a rhizome. It contains various plant constituents; curcumin is one of the substances responsible for its characteristic colour.
Background & context
Turmeric and curcumin therefore mean different things. Spice powder contains constituents of the processed rhizome, while an extract may concentrate particular substances. Understanding scientific studies requires knowing the exact preparation and composition.
Curcumin content and absorption differ between preparations, making studies difficult to compare. Greater absorption does not automatically establish a benefit. Evidence does not support a blanket efficacy claim. Liver injuries have been reported particularly with enhanced-bioavailability formulations. Discuss use with a clinician if you take medication or have liver disease.
Antioxidants are not a single vitamin family. The term groups substances with particular chemical properties, including vitamins C and E and various plant compounds. The body also has its own antioxidant systems.
Background & context
Normal cell activity produces reactive oxygen compounds. When these are produced in excess, oxidative stress can occur. The body’s responses include enzymes and other mechanisms. An antioxidant effect in a test tube is, first of all, a laboratory observation.
High antioxidant activity in the laboratory does not establish a health benefit from a supplement. More is not automatically better.
A scientific publication addresses a specific question under defined conditions. Check whether it studied humans, how large it was, whether there was a comparison group and what was actually measured.
Read the methods and limitations as well as the results. One study does not replace the wider body of evidence. Research on an ingredient is not proof of efficacy for every product containing it. Our sources provide background information, not endorsement of a KRALL product by the named institutions.
